Great scientists are remembered for their ability to select good models. In your second example, she is remembered for her courage. The answer to your question is yes. Someone being "remembered for" something means that they have done something worth remembering. Some examples: Martin Luther King Jr. is remembered for his civil rights work.
As a native US English speaker, I think "I just remembered" sounds perfectly fine and unremarkable. It is probably what I would say myself. I don't think we have a single word specifically for "suddenly remembered".
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Here are thousands of instances of "our life is short", and I seriously doubt many of them are specific to the lives of, say, a couple living together. It's perfectly normal to refer to human lives collectively in the singular.
When to use "lives" as a plural of life? - English Language & Usage ...
A plural subject requires a plural object (lives), accordingly a singular subject requires a singular object (life). They can be used to mean one person or several people, however. So, if your intention is to refer to an individual who lost his or her life whilst saving the lives of more than one others, then the second is correct and the first incorrect. They is singular in this context, so ...